Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weak, thick, or stiff. This makes it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. It differs from common heart diseases, which are typically caused by blockages in the arteries. In cardiomyopathy, the structure of the heart itself is affected, often without a clear underlying cause.

Cardiomyopathy can be genetic (familial) or may develop as a result of long-term conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or viral infections.

Types of Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy:

The heart’s chambers become enlarged, impairing the heart’s ability to pump blood.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:

The heart muscle thickens, making it harder for the heart to pump blood and sometimes obstructing the flow.

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy:

The heart muscle becomes stiff and less able to expand and contract.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy:

The muscle of the right ventricle is replaced with fatty tissue, which can lead to arrhythmias.

Common Symptoms

Shortness of breath, even at rest or with minimal exertion (like walking or climbing stairs).

Fatigue and general weakness.

Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen (often due to fluid build-up).

Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), which can be rapid or irregular, sometimes leading to dizziness or fainting.

Dizziness or fainting spells that occur unexpectedly.

Causes of Cardiomyopathy

– Genetic mutations (familial cardiomyopathy).
– Chronic high blood pressure (hypertension), which strains the heart over time.
– Viral infections that affect the heart muscle (myocarditis).
– Excessive alcohol or drug use which can weaken the heart muscle.
– Metabolic disorders such as diabetes or thyroid disease, which can contribute to heart muscle damage.