Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to a range of symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It is often diagnosed using the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), a measure of how well the heart pumps blood.
– Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF): When LVEF is reduced (<40%), the heart muscle weakens, leading to difficulty pumping blood.
– Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): Despite a normal LVEF (>50%), the heart muscle becomes stiff, impairing relaxation and leading to similar symptoms.
Both types of heart failure can cause a range of symptoms, and early intervention is crucial to manage the condition effectively.
If you're experiencing any of the following, it may be time to consult a healthcare provider:
Shortness of Breath (Dyspnoea)
Rapid Heartbeat
Weight Gain
Leg & Ankle Swelling
Fatigue
Nighttime Urination
Nausea or Appetite Loss
Chest Pain
Cough
Heart failure can result from various underlying conditions, including:
– Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to plaque build up.
– Hypertension: High blood pressure that leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, making the heart less efficient.
– Diabetes: Chronic inflammation and endothelial damage, leading to coronary artery disease and impaired heart function.
– Obesity: Increases blood volume and systemic inflammation, putting extra strain on the heart.
– Valvular Heart Disease: Dysfunction of heart valves, leading to inefficient blood flow.
– Cardiomyopathy: Weakening of the heart muscle that hinders pumping ability.
– Chronic Kidney Disease: Often coexists with heart failure, leading to fluid overload and worsened symptoms.
– Medications
Limitations: Symptom management only; does not reverse damage. Side effects include hypotension, kidney dysfunction, and electrolyte imbalances.
– Heart Transplantation
Limitations: Severe organ shortage, lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, and risk of rejection/infections.
– Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD) & Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Limitations: High cost, requires surgery, risk of infections, and may not be effective in all patients.
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