Vasculitis is an inflammatory condition where the blood vessels become swollen and inflamed, disrupting blood flow throughout the body. This condition can affect small, medium, or large vessels, and the symptoms vary depending on which blood vessels and organs are involved. Vasculitis can be mild in some cases, while in others, it may lead to severe complications that require careful management.
The inflammation may come and go, or it may persist, making daily activities challenging. Early detection and treatment are crucial for minimizing the risk of severe outcomes such as organ damage or stroke.
Vasculitis can be classified based on the size of the blood vessels affected:
A normal artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the body’s organs and tissues.
Narrowed arteries can occur due to a buildup of plaque in the arteries, a condition called atherosclerosis.
Occluded artery is a blocked or narrowed artery that reduces blood flow. It can occur in the legs, arms, or coronary arteries.
Aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel wall that can occur anywhere in the body.
Unexplained fatigue or weakness that doesn’t improve with rest.
Skin changes, including red or purple spots, rashes, or ulcers that do not heal.
Sudden vision problems, such as blurred vision or loss of vision.
Joint or muscle pain that is persistent and not linked to any injury.
Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, making it difficult to grip objects or walk.
Fever and weight loss, which are common in cases of systemic inflammation.
Vasculitis can be triggered by various factors:
– Immunosuppressive Therapy:
Limitations:Standard treatments, such as cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids, are associated with significant side effects, including increased susceptibility to infections and organ toxicity. It can also result into cumulative morbidity like cardio-vascular disease and osteoporosis.
– Glucocorticoids (Steroids)
Limitations: Long-term use leads to severe side effects such as osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, and increased infection risk.
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